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JR (born 22 February 1983〔(Notice d'autorité ) de la Bibliothèque nationale de France.〕) is the pseudonym of a photographer and artist whose identity is unconfirmed.〔Elizabeth Day "("The street art of JR" ), ''The Observer'', 7 March 2010.〕 Describing himself as a ''photograffeur'', he flyposts large black-and-white photographic images in public locations, in a manner similar to the appropriation of the built environment by the graffiti artist.〔 He states that the street is "the largest art gallery in the world".〔(Full Interview ) "The largest gallery in the world". Excerpts from an interview of the artist broadcast on France 2 on the 1 pm news, July 20, 2009〕〔("JR's street art from around the world" ) ''The Daily Telegraph'', accessed, 26 October 2010〕 He started out on the streets of Paris.〔Unattributed, "("Street Art" )." Tate Modern, accessed, 16 September 2012.〕 JR's work "often challenges widely held preconceptions and the reductive images propagated by advertising and the media."〔 JR's work combines art and action, and deals with commitment, freedom, identity and limits.〔Excerpts from the book ''Women Are Heroes'' published by Alternatives, 2009. ISBN 978-2-86227-613-7〕 He has been introduced by Fabrice Bousteau as: "the one we already call the Cartier-Bresson of the 21st century".〔Excerpts from an interview of the artist published in ''Beaux Arts'' magazine, October 2009 〕 On 20 October 2010, JR won the TED Prize for 2011.〔〔 He used the $100,000 award money to start the ''Inside Out Project''. ==Life and career== JR began his career as a teenage graffiti artist who was by his own admission not interested in changing the world, but in making his mark on public space and society. His graffiti efforts often targeted precarious places like rooftops and subway trains, and he enjoyed the adventure of going to and painting in these spaces. After finding a camera in the Paris Metro, JR and his friends began to document the act of his graffiti painting. At the age of 17, he began applying photocopies of these photographs to outdoor walls.〔(From 2011 TED Prize wish speech in March 2011 )〕 JR later travelled throughout Europe to meet other people whose mode of artistic expression involved the use of outdoor walls.〔Excerpts from the book ''Carnet de Rue'' (''My Street Diary'') published by Free Press, 2005 ISBN 2-915573-01-8〕 Then, he began wondering about the vertical limits, the walls and the façades that structure cities.〔 After observing the people he met and listening to their message, JR pasted their portraits up in the streets and basements and on the roof tops of Paris. Between 2004 and 2006, JR created ''Portraits of a Generation'', portraits of young people from the housing projects around Paris that he exhibited in huge format. This illegal project became official when the City of Paris put JR’s photos up on buildings.〔(Full Excerpts from an interview of the artist broadcast on France 2 on the 1 pm news, August 6, 2007. )〕 At the beginning of his projects, JR wanted to bring art into the street: "In the street, we reach people who never go to museums."〔Excerpts from the article Déclic Urbain published in ''L'Express'', November 17 – 23, 2005, n°2837〕 In 2007, with Marco,〔Marc Berrebi called Marco contributed to the project Face 2 Face in the Middle East in collaboration with JR. (Interview with Marco. )〕〔He created Face2Face, la plus grande expo photo illégale jamais créée〕〔Excerpts from the book Face2Face published by Alternatives in 2007. ISBN 978-2-86227-527-7〕 JR put up enormous photos of Israelis and Palestinians face to face in eight Palestinian and Israeli cities on either side of the Separation Barrier. Upon his return to Paris, he pasted these portraits up in the capital. For the artist, this artistic act is first and foremost a human project: "The heroes of the project are all those who, on both sides of the wall, allowed me to paste the portraits on their houses."〔Les héros du projet sont tous ceux qui des deux côtés du mur, m'ont autorisé à coller sur leur maison〕〔Excerpts from the article ''JR s'affiche à Paris'' published in ''L'Express'' November 15, 2007 (Full Article )〕 In 2008, JR undertook an international tour for ''Women Are Heroes'', a project in which he highlights the dignity of women who are often targets during conflicts.〔Excerpts from a report about the artist’s work in the favela ''Moro da Providencia'' in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Broadcast on TV5, September 25, 2008. (Full Report. )〕 On 20 October 2010, JR won the TED Prize for 2011.〔〔 He used the $100,000 award money to start the ''Inside Out Project'', a global art initiative that has allowed thousands of people around the world to speak to their communities through portraits pasted in public space. This prize brought him and his work to New York City where he opened another studio, and inspired pastings in the area such as those done in 2011 of members of the Lakota Native American Tribe from North Dakota. In 2013, he continued working in New York City, with the ''Inside Out Project'' in Times Square, which challenged advertising with a massive work of art consisting of thousands of portraits of locals and tourists.〔(NYTimes )〕 In January 2014, JR collaborated with the New York City Ballet for their second annual Art Series program, by exhibiting work in the theatre in Lincoln Center, including an interactive piece on the floor of the promenade. This collaboration led JR to explore the artistic medium of choreography in another project with the ballet months later.〔(NYTimes )〕 JR calls himself an "urban artivist",〔Excerpts from the essay Avis à la population! written by Christian Caujolle and published in the book ''Women Are Heroes'' published by Alternatives in 2009. (ISBN 978-2-86227-613-7)〕 he creates pervasive art that he puts up on the buildings in the Paris area projects, on the walls of the Middle East, on the broken bridges of Africa or in the favelas of Brazil. During the pasting phase, community members take part in the artistic process. In Brazil, for example, children became artists for a week.〔Excerpts from an interview of the artist broadcast on TV5 July 20, 2009. (Full Interview )〕 In these artistic acts, no scene separates the actors from the spectators.〔Excerpts from the essay Art Participatif (Participative Art) written by Christian Caujolle and published in the book Women Are Heroes published by Alternatives in 2009. (ISBN 978-2-86227-613-7)〕 After having exhibited in the cities from which JR’s subjects came, the photos traveled from New York to Berlin, Amsterdam to Paris 〔〔(Full article "L'Ile Saint Louis nous regarde" ("L’Ile Saint-Louis Is Looking at Us") published in ''Libération'' 24 October 2009. )〕 As JR remains anonymous and does not frame his huge portraits, he leaves a space for an encounter between a subject/protagonist and a passerby/interpreter, and this is the essence of his work.〔(Interview of the artist broadcast on France 2, lon the 1 pm news, August 6, 2007. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「JR (artist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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